Corporate social responsibility Essay

Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystems. Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. Critics argue that Corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful corporations though there is no systematic evidence to support these criticisms. A significant number of studies have shown no negative influence on shareholder results from CSR but rather a slightly negative correlation with improved shareholder returns. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firm’s implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in â€Å"actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The function of corporate social responsibility is for corporations to hold themselves accountable for the ethical, legal, societal and ecological impacts of their business practices. Corporate social responsibility practices are self-monitoring, meaning there aren’t laws requiring corporations to behave in a socially responsible manner. Rules regarding corporate responsibility practices are generally written into the corporate bylaws, mission statements and employee handbooks. Ethical Function Ethics are one of the most important aspects in corporate governance and therefore have an important function in corporate social responsibility. A company must have internal controls regarding the expected ethical behavior and consequences of unethical business practices of its top executives and employees. Behaving ethically makes the company as a whole accountable to its investors, shareholders and consumers. The ethical function of corporate social responsibility helps to prevent conflicts of interest between earning corporate profits and maintaining the integrity of the company and the goods and services it produces. Legal Function The legal function of corporate social responsibility is to encourage transparency in a company’s business practices and financial reporting. Maintaining high levels of legal business practices, such as adhering to Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations promotes goodwill toward employees. Maintaining high levels of legal financial practices maintains good will among investors, stakeholders and government financial-reporting regulatory agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Societal Function The societal function of corporate social responsibility is to respect and invest in the communities in which the company operates. Companies are aware of how the production of their products affects the local community. These companies take necessary actions to diminish the negative impacts of factors such as increased traffic, noise and pollution for the communities in which they operate. The societal function of corporate social responsibility also includes companies reinvesting in the communities in which they operate, such as donating money to local charities. Ecological Function The ecological function of corporate social responsibility is to not only respect the immediate environment in which the company operates but also to respect the company’s effect on the global environment. Companies are aware of the environmental impact the production of their products have on their local communities. In corporate social responsibility, these companies adhere to strict standards in an effort to diminish the negative impact of the environmental byproducts such as air and water pollution from the production of their products. Having such standards impacts both the local and global environments. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, first appeared in the late 1960s in response to the need for businesses to address the effect of their pursuits on the environment and society, in addition to the interests of their shareholders. CSR attempts to portray corporations as responsible citizens who are concerned with issues of social and environmental welfare. The Public CSR argues that corporations bear responsibility for the effect they have on other sectors of society. The activities of corporations have an impact on individuals who don’t work for them and don’t buy their products, through, for example, secondary economic impacts and degradation of the natural environment. CSR acknowledges this, and attempts to make the interactions between corporations and society positive and productive. This can be done by consulting with neighbors and citizens who are affected by corporate activities and by striving for transparency in corporate pursuits so that the public knows what is going on. The Environment Increased knowledge on the part of the public about declining resources, toxic waste and global warming is compelling companies to make more efforts to be more environmentally benign. The traditional view that the natural world is merely a source of materials and an equally convenient dump for waste is being challenged from many quarters, and CSR is an attempt by corporations to respond to these concerns. The sincerity of changes being made on the part of corporations includes some serious efforts to achieve sustainability and other efforts that are essentially â€Å"greenwashing,† activities in which corporations put more effort into appearing green than into actually being green. Clients CSR challenges the traditional wisdom that the interests and needs of the clients of a corporation will be adequately protected by the market itself. Because the free market has been severely compromised by a combination of government subsidies and manipulative marketing practices, CSR attempts to remedy this situation by installing practices into corporate life that will monitor the interaction between corporations and their clients in an attempt to ensure that nobody is being exploited or cheated. Consumer protection can be enforced by the government or voluntarily pursued by companies, the latter course have clear advantages for the public relations of the company. Staff Staff and employees of corporations have a right to expect fair pay, safe working conditions and meaningful work. CSR is one aspect of a transformation in the corporate world that attempts to overcome archaic views of workers as mere means to an end on the part of shareholders. Particularly in less developed countries that are often the sites of intensive resource extraction, the treatment of labor is frequently substandard. CSR is intended to promote the rights of all workers and to ensure that corporations respect these rights and make whatever changes are required to prevent the exploitation and mistreatment of labor. FOUR TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As large corporations begin to dominate the world economy, it raises questions about the importance of corporate social responsibility in business. A variety of types of corporate social responsibilities have emerged in public discussions, and understanding their implications is important. Environmental Responsibility People expect businesses to exhibit environmentally responsible behavior, as evidenced by a PricewaterhouseCoopers survey that found that the No. 1 issue for companies in the future, according to U. S. respondents, is carbon emissions reductions. Specific environmental issues that affect businesses include global warming, sustainable resources and pollution. Businesses are being urged by environmental groups and governments to reduce their carbon footprint, to obtain their materials from sustainable sources and to reduce their pollution. Human Rights Responsibility The 21st-century marketplace is highly global. This means that when a product is purchased in the United States, for example, it may have been produced in China, or have components from South America. The ethical issue for corporations is ensuring that human rights are respected throughout all levels of the supply chain. Major companies have received criticism for their use of sweat shops and for sourcing resources that are harvested by unfairly treated workers. This has lead to a push for the use of strict labor standards to be applied to suppliers, and a demand for fair trade products such as chocolate and coffee. Financial Responsibility Financial responsibility is an important issue in corporate social responsibility. In the wake of the accounting fraud perpetrated by Enron and Arthur Andersen and Ponzi schemes orchestrated by the likes of Bernie Madoff, businesses are questioned about the accuracy of their financial reporting by increasingly skeptical shareholders and government officials, as evidenced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Employees are expected to act as whistle blowers in such situations, and white collar crime is seeing high-profile prosecutions like that of Martha Stewart or former Worldcom CEO Bernie Ebbers. Political Responsibility Trading with repressive regimes is a difficult issue in corporate social responsibility. Some businesses argue that working with these regimes will help to advance them and bring rights to the countries. People and governments have demanded that businesses stop trading with repressive regimes, which was most notably observed when several western governments launched an embargo against the Apartheid government in South Africa during the 1980s. Shell Oil received considerable consumer backlash during the 1990s for its complicit involvement with the Nigerian government that murdered anti-oil activists. These issues make doing business with certain governments an important consideration for corporate social responsibility. PROS & CONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility is generally perceived as a positive business ideology in the 21st century, despite some challenges. A significant expansion of basic business ethics, CSR establishes guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior. It addresses how companies that want to satisfy government and societal requirements should treat key stakeholder groups, including customers, suppliers, employees and the community. Pro 1: Social Responsibility and Customer Relationships One of the foundational elements of CSR is that it causes companies to reason beyond basic ethics to consider the benefits of active involvement in communities. In his article â€Å"The 7 Principles of Business Integrity,† business strategist Robert Moment argues that 21st-century companies must prove themselves to customers to build long-term, trusting relationships. They must also get involved in the community to give back. This community connection endears your company to the local markets in which you operate. Pro 2: Motivated Employees Employees are a company’s most valued asset. This is the premise of a company’s obligation to this key stakeholder group with regard to CSR compliance. This means treating employees with respect and offering fair working conditions. It also means establishing fair hiring practices and promoting a non-discriminatory workplace. This improves morale within the workplace and encourages teamwork. Additionally, a writer on the As You Sow website stresses the importance of managing a diverse workplace so that you can benefit from a variety of backgrounds and life experiences. Con 1: Expenses The main reason any company would object to participating in CSR is the associated costs. With CSR, you pay for environmental programs, more employee training and efficient waste management programs. Proponents of CSR agree that any expenses to businesses are ultimately covered by stronger relationships with key customers. However, David Vogel indicates in his Forbes article â€Å"CSR Doesn’t Pay† that investment in CSR programs may not necessary result in measurable financial results. Con 2: Shareholder Expectations Another challenge for companies when considering CSR is the possible negative perception of shareholders. Historically, publicly-owned companies had a primary focus of maximizing shareholder value. Now, they must balance the financial expectations of company owners with the social and environmental requirements of other stakeholder groups. Some shareholders are happy to invest in companies that operate with high integrity. Others may not approve of the aforementioned expenses of operating under CSR guidelines. IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility is so important to current and long-term business success that corporate social responsibility, CSR, has become a widely recognized business process in the early 21st century. An entrepreneur point out that CSR is an evolution of corporate ethics because it involves balancing the social expectations of all stakeholders, including shareholders, citizens, providers and customers, along with environmental responsibility. Basic Integrity Most experts and CSR analysts agree that this broad business concept is an evolution of basic business ethics and integrity. Entrepreneur and business strategist Robert Moment â€Å"The 7 Princes of Business Integrity† agree that treating stakeholders with respect and earning trust of customers through ethical business operations is the CSR foundation. Leading advocate of corporate accountability, the As You Sow Foundation, also stresses the importance of internal business controls that mandated ethics from corporate leaders and employees. Community Relations The word â€Å"social† is key to understanding how CSR goes beyond basic integrity. Moment states in one of his seven principles that as a CSR adherent, you must â€Å"remain involved in community-related issues and activities thereby demonstrating that your business is a responsible community contributor. † This community involvement and participation shows your marketplace that you are interested in more than just taking money from their pockets. In the long run, this strategy leads to a stronger public reputation and more profitable business relationships. The Environment Another reason CSR is much broader than conventional business ethics is its necessary inclusion of environmental responsibility. Once an opportunity for companies to add value and enhance their brand image, green-friendly operations are now a societal requirement with CSR. As You Sow discusses the importance of preserving the environment, optimizing efficient use of natural resources, such as renew, reuse and recycle, and reduction of waste as important to the environmental component of CSR. Companies that do not consider these initiatives draw the ire of the government, public and consumer watch groups. Bottom Line The underlying question is whether CSR operations improve a company’s bottom line performance. David Vogel argues in his 2008 Forbes article that â€Å"CSR Doesn’t Pay. † Vogel argues that operating under CSR guidelines is not likely to produce higher tangible profits for a company throughout time. Now that socially responsible behavior is expected, it goes largely unnoticed, argues Vogel. He does agree, though, that companies that ignore CSR may experience public backlash and negative business consequences. Still, many advocates of CSR believe that companies can still profit in the long run through stronger business and customer relationships. PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The main principles involving corporate social responsibility involve economic, legal, ethical and discretionary aspects. A corporation needs to generate profits, while operating within the laws of the state. The corporation also needs to be ethical, but has the right to be discretional about the decisions it makes. Levels of corporate social responsiveness to an issue include being reactive, defensive, responsive and interactive. All terms are useful in issues management. Selecting when and how to act can make a difference in the outcome of the action taken. CSR has inspired national governments to include CSR issues into their national public policy agendas. The increased importance driven by CSR has prompted governments to promote socially and environmentally responsible corporate practices. Over the past decade governments have considered CSR as a public issue that requires national governmental involvement to address the very issues relevant to CSR. The heightened role of government in CSR has facilitated the development of numerous CSR programs and policies. Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i. e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors), and communities in the areas where the corporation operates its facilities, regulators, academics, and the media. The debate, on whether responsibility of a business enterprise is only to its shareholders (owners) or to all stakeholders, including environment and the society at large, is an on going one and continues. In received literature â€Å"Stakeholder†, as an expression is fairly recent in origin, reportedly appearing first in an internal memorandum of the Stanford Research Institute in the year 1963. According to a definition given by Edward Freeman â€Å"A stakeholder is any group or individual who can effect, or is affected by the activities and achievements of an organization. † Friedrich Neubauer and Ada Demb in â€Å"The Legitimate Corporation† identify six groups of distinguishable stakeholders (not necessarily in this order) as follows a) Providers of funds b) Employees c) General public d) Government e) Customers and f) Suppliers An increasing number of companies are reporting publicly on their social, environmental and ethical performance, both as a communication to stakeholders, and as a management tool. However, as this practice has only become more widespread since the mid 1990s, there is as yet no standard format to address the type of information companies choose to report, or how that information is collected, analyzed and presented. At the same time, many stakeholders are becoming increasingly sophisticated in the type and quality of information they are demanding from companies. In an effort to meet these demands – as well as to strengthen the credibility of their social and environmental reports – some companies are choosing to have their reports externally verified. In doing so, companies recognize that verification by a third party can add value to the overall social and environmental reporting process by enhancing relationships with stakeholders, improving business performance and decision-making, aligning practice with organizational values, and strengthening reputation risk management. Social Responsibility Principles The Corporate Social Responsibility is based on the following principles: Legal Compliance Principle: The enterprise shall comply with and understand all applicable, local, international, written, declared, and effected laws and regulations, in accordance with fixed, specific procedures. Adherence to Customary International Laws Principle: The enterprise shall adhere to international and governmental agreements, executive regulations, declarations, covenants, decisions, and guidelines, when setting its policies and practices pertinent to Social Responsibility. Respecting Related Stakeholders lefts Principle: The enterprise shall acknowledge and accept the diversity of related stakeholders’ lefts and interests, and the diversity of the major and minor enterprises’ activities and products, among other elements, which may affect such related stakeholders. Transparency Principle: the enterprise shall clearly, accurately, and comprehensively declare its policy, decisions, and activities, including known and potential effects on environment and society. Moreover, such information shall be available to affected persons, or those who are likely to be affected materially by the enterprise. Respect for Human lefts Principle: the enterprise shall execute policies and practices which shall result in respecting existent human lefts in the Universal Declaration of Human lefts. Because CSR can influence economic, environmental and social factors in a variety of ways, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† approach. An effective CSR strategy must consider alignment with the organization’s business strategy, commercial added value, and sustainability of impact. The benefits of an effective CSR approach to an organization can include: Stronger performance and profitability Improved relations with the investment community and access to capital Enhanced employee relations and company culture Risk management and access to social opportunities Stronger relationships with communities and legal regulators CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT RELIANCE POWER LTD Reliance Power Limited is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of India’s largest business houses. It was established to develop, construct and operate power projects in the Indian and international markets. Reliance Energy Limited, an Indian private sector power utility company and the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group promote Reliance Power. With its subsidiaries, it is developing 13 medium and large-sized power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 33,480 MW. Reliance Natural Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial public offering. The group operates across multiple sectors, including telecommunications, financial services, media and entertainment, infrastructure and energy. The energy sector companies include Reliance Infrastructure and Reliance Power. Reliance Power has been established to develop, construct and operate power projects both in India as well as internationally. The Company on its own and through its subsidiaries has a portfolio of over 35,000 MW of power generation capacity, both in operation as well as capacity under development. The power projects are going to be diverse in terms of geographic location, fuel type, fuel source and off-take, and each project is planned to be strategically located near an available fuel supply or load centre. The company has 1,540 MW of operational power generation assets. The projects under development include seven coal-fired projects to be fueled by reserves from captive mines and supplies from India and elsewhere; two gas-fired projects; and twelve hydroelectric projects, six of them in Arunachal Pradesh, five in Himachal Pradesh and one in Uttarakhand. Reliance Power has won three of the four Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) awarded by the Indian Government so far. These include UMPPs in Sasan( Madhya Pradesh),Krishnapatnam( Andhra Pradesh) & Tilaiya(Jharkhand). UMPPs are a significant part of the Indian government’s initiative to collaborate with power generation companies to set up 4,000 MW projects to ease the country’s power deficit situation. Besides these, Reliance Power is also developing coal bed methane (CBM) blocks to fuel gas based power generation. The company is registering projects with the Clean Development Mechanism executive board for issuance of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) certificates to augment its revenues. Reliance Power in its continuous efforts to positively impact the society, especially the areas around its sites and offices, has formulated policies for social development that are based on the following guiding principles: Adopt an approach that aims at achieving a greater balance between social development and economic development. Adopt new measures to accelerate and ensure the basic needs of all people. Work towards elimination of all barriers for the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups- such as the poor and the disabled Give unfailing attention to children for in their hands lies the country’s future. It is for their sake that health, education and environment get topmost priority in our programs and investments. In areas around its power plant sites in Sasan,Rosa,Krishnapatnam,Butibori,Chitrangi and others, Reliance Power has been actively involved in various social and environmental organizations to address the issue of sustainable development and social uplift. The Company in discharge of its responsibility as a corporate citizen actively contributes to community welfare measures and takes up several social initiatives every year. Reliance Power Ltd. has been closely working with institutions and social organizations and supporting their programs for social development, adult literacy, adoption of village, tree plantation schemes etc. HEALTH Health and safety are of universal concern across the spectrum of communities. As a company, we are not only committed to compliance with legal norms but its is our endeavour to voluntarily go beyond that and provide quality healthcare facilities in the regions around our site. We are committed to providing all possible support to create awareness on various health related issues impacting the local people. We believe in a multidimensional approach that considers the needs of the area leading to an effective plan to address all issues in consultation with the local administration, community workers and NGOs working in the area. At its various project sites, Reliance Power sites runs medical facility center, physiotherapy center, and mobile medical vans that dispenses free medicines and provide free health check-ups. Also periodically we come up with health camps like general health check up camps, gynecology camps, eye check up camps and corrective surgery camps for disabled children. EDUCATION Education is a basic tool to bring development to an area and its people. We aim to create an awareness pool of human resource both within and across our area of operations. We are committed to bridging the digital divide between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in educational infrastructure and facilities. Exposure to technology along with a sustainable education model could be strengthened through partnership with government and quasi-government agencies. Reliance Power is involved in a surfeit of activities that have changed the lives of the people residing at the sites or the PAFs (Project Affected Families). Education is the main thrust of these activities. Major contributions made in the area include building of a DAV school at the site for the children of the PAFs and the children of the villages around the sites, free school bus facility for the students, stipend to every child who attends school (a boy child gets Rs. 250 per month while a girl child gets a stipend of Rs. 300 per month), free uniforms, study tours for children, teaching aids to the teachers, training of teachers, as well as night schools for uneducated adults etc. EMPLOYMENT Community is an integral part of the business environment and the basic commitment lies towards augmenting the overall economic and social development of local communities by discharging our social responsibilities in a sustainable manner. Reliance Power invests significantly in skill up gradation of people around the sites. The trained manpower available for construction will ensure quality and accident free working. CIDC, a Government of India initiative has been engaged and has trained about 300 project affected youths as electricians, welders, carpenters and masons and bar benders in batches of 40 each. To further encourage them we paid them, a monthly stipend of Rs. 1000 per month. In addition efforts are on to enroll the oustees in short term courses at the ITI operating in the region. Apart from these, training is also provided are: Computer coaching centre English speaking classes Personality development classes Physiotherapy training center Training by NAC (National Academy of Construction) and use them for future requirement of the construction. For the women folk of the villages, in an effort to empower them the company trains them in soft skills like tailoring and poultry farming etc. Reliance Power provides assistance to women keen on starting their own businesses. THE HUMAN TOUCH BEYOND POLICY IMPERATIVES Although the main thrust of Reliance Power’s CSR lies in providing quality education, health care and livelihood, we don’t restrict ourselves to it. In order to better lives around our areas of interest and business, we strive to provide basic amenities like electrification in the villages, augmentation and development of roads connecting the village to the main roads, old age support for senior citizens of the project affect families, development of the grazing lands for the cattle of the villagers, afforestation and veterinary camps for domestic cattle. Moral and financial support is extended during social occasions like marriages, community prayers, funerals and other such occasions.

Shower Gel Marketing

Soap, Bath and Shower Products Issues in the Market The soap, bath and shower category straddles two worlds – at once it falls into the arena of must-have consumer goods, which consumers see as integral to their everyday wellbeing, while at the same time it has an opportunity to tap into a consumer desire for escapism and fantasy. Close to half of women who use bath additives, for instance, cite a long bath as their ultimate pampering treat. How many fast-moving consumer goods segments can claim to satisfy such lofty needs with such a low ticket price?The beauty industry often cites the resilience of the colour cosmetics category in times of crisis – otherwise known as the lipstick index. It is time for the beleaguered bath additives segment to do the same and position their products as a luxury indulgence at prices accessible to most. Q: How is the economic environment impacting sales of soap, bath and shower products? A: Value sales of SBS products grew in single digi ts between 2006 and 2011 (with the exception of 2010 when year-on-year growth was more or less flat). The category is buffered somewhat from he inclement economic climate because of the must-have nature of daily cleansing products. At the same time, consumers are clearly under pressure to keep a close eye on household budgets. A third of adults who use shower products are paying more attention to how much they spend on such items because of the economic situation and the same is true for four in ten bath product users and three in ten soap users. Looking ahead, Mintel forecasts the SBS category will grow by 11% between 2011 and 2016, while in real terms (excluding inflation) sales will slip very slightly.Q: Which segments have most potential for growth? A: There is a clear divide between two promising segments – liquid soaps and shower gels – and two less buoyant ones – bar soaps and bath additives. Mintel expects liquid soap and shower gel sales to grow by 28% and 17%, respectively, between 2011 and 2016, whereas we expect bath additives to slump by 4% and bar soaps by 15% in the same timeframe. The differing performances come down to consumer preference. Adults are much more inclined to use shower gels and creams over bath additives, for instance, likely because showering is uch more convenient and is a quicker option for today’s time-poor consumer. In addition, half of soap, bath and shower product users have switched to taking showers rather than baths in an effort to save water. Meanwhile, liquid soaps have an edge over the more traditional bar format with 89% of women using liquid soaps compared to 77% who use bar soap. While they potentially offer a cost saving over liquid varieties, Brid Costello Senior UK Beauty Analyst [email  protected] com Tel: +44 (0) 20 7606 4533 A self-confessed beauty junkie, Brid tracks the UK’s fast-moving beauty market.Before joining Mintel in 2010, she spent a decade as a beauty editor f or fashion and beauty trade newspaper Women’s Wear Daily. Based in the Conde Nastowned title’s Paris office for five years before transferring to its London bureau, Brid acquired expertise across the beauty spectrum. Brid studied Journalism at Dublin City University (DCU).  © 2012 Mintel Group Ltd. All rights reserved. Confidential to Mintel. Soap, Bath and Shower Products Issues in the Market bar soaps suffer from a somewhat old-fashioned image. With no sign of consumers’ habits changing in the hort term, there is unlikely to be any reversal of these sectors’ performance. A third of bath and shower product users buy whatever product is on special offer, while half stock up when their favourite brands are on special offer. Q: What are consumers’ primary concerns when it comes to buying soap, bath and shower products? A: While the basic premise of SBS products is to cleanse, such items now go above and beyond that call of duty. More than three qua rters of adults who use shower products, for instance, want their gels and creams to moisturise or soften their skin, while just over half are looking or an invigorating or refreshing showering experience. When it comes to bath additives, pampering and relaxing are the key concerns for two thirds of bath product users. Women are particularly keen on luxurious soaks, with just over half considering a long bath to be their favourite pampering treat. Soap, meanwhile, has a much more pragmatic bent. Close to half of liquid and bar soap users say that cheap or good value products are their top priority, while suitability for the whole family comes second. Q: Which consumer demographics are most important to the category and how will opulation changes impact sales going forward? A: Changes in the UK’s population make-up will impact the SBS sectors to differing extents between 2011 and 2016. Shower product and liquid soap sales will likely be buoyed, for instance, given that these s ectors’ highest volume users – adults aged 25-34 – will grow in number by 872,000 in the period. Population changes are less favourable for bath additives and will do little to bolster the category, which is already in the doldrums (sales dipped by 2% in 2011). In general, however, the country’s population will increase y more than 3% (or 1. 7 million) between 2011 and 2016. Given the high penetration rates of soap and shower products, this is some good news for the category in general. Q: What influence do promotions have on the market? A: The SBS category is highly promotional with multi-purchase offers and discounts top priorities for consumers. For instance, a third of bath and shower product users buy whatever product is on special offer, while half stock up when their favourite brands are on special offer. It is little surprise then that the multiple-door grocery hains dominate the retail landscape and account for close to half of category retail sa les. With large chains – such as Sainsbury’s, Tesco, Asda and Morrisons – frequently basing advertising on their commitment to low pricing and vying with each other to offer headline-grabbing discounts, it’s unlikely the situation will change anytime soon. This will continue to put pressure on the category vis-a-vis growing value sales as consumers have become accustomed to finding their preferred goods at preferential prices.  © 2012 Mintel Group Ltd. All rights reserved. Confidential to Mintel.

Advice for Injury Compensation Claim

The accident’s that occurred in the private properties or businesses are common enough and the business or the property owner is liable to pay for the injuries if only their negligence can be proven in the court of law (Lewis, Morris & Oliphant, 2006). This incident concerning a fall and back injury caused by spillage in an Aldi supermarket falls under this category and as the legal adviser’s report; this will consider the steps that should be taken by Tamara to ensure she gets compensation for the injury caused by the accident. First, it should be stated that the supermarket is not important and the fact that is mentioned in the case that only ALDI stocks the particular brand is irrelevant in relation to the case. All businesses no matter their size or speciality are liable for the safety of the consumers on the premises. According to the occupier’s liability act 1957, the management of the store is responsible for any incident resulting in injury to any employee or customer (Buckley, 2006). Therefore, the circumstances that caused Tamara to run are irrelevant as the spillage that caused her fall and subsequent injury should be focused on (Bennett & Gibbeson, 2010). From the law and case records, it can be gleaned that the risk to safety cannot be eliminated so if the accident was caused by some action or inaction of a specific person and could be prevented then the owner of the property has been acting in a negligent manner. The negligence to remedy the issue, warning of the danger or reporting to t he authorities is deemed as statutory duties and the failure to maintain the safety of the premises is seen as negligence. The management of the safe environment is the responsibility of the property owner so in this case the Aldi supermarket authority is responsible for the situation. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 in this case is also applied as the maintenance of a healthy and safe working environment is based on the same principle and the supermarket is a place of employment for the staff. Even if it was not one of the staff who was responsible for the spillage that caused the accident the responsibility of the workplace falls on the employer as the customers are the people who are directly affected by the acts of the employees (Kachalia et al., 2008). The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 also stipulates that the risks of the trips and falls in the premises need to be assed periodically by the owner or the designated person. Any employees who were on duty in the vicinity should have reported the spillage that was in front of the frozen food sections and proper steps should have been taken to remedy the situation or at least provide sufficient warning to the people to avoid any such injury. It can be easily surmised that being a person in full control of her capacities Tamara would not have run if there were a â€Å"wet floor† or danger sign in the area. So this can be easily used to prove the fact that store authority was negligent in the matter of safety from trips or falls. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 is more clear on the matter as the proper condition of the floor that needs to be maintained by the owner of any premises and there needs to be a warning sign on the allocation to ensure that the customers are directed to move around the area to avoid injury. However, there was not any sign on the area of the spillage allowing Tamara to be warned of the dangers (Lewis, 2006). Therefore, the explained laws are clear on the matter of the accident that points out the responsibilities of the owners of the store and their management to prove that in this case they neglected their responsibility to ensure safety of customer sand are liable to be pay for the damages caused by their ignorance. The procedures of the claim prior to the selection of a lawyer specialised in injury claims are given below to guide the efforts of the plaintiff Tamara. The accident occurred at a place of business so the relevant regulation have already been considered on the basis of the legal support of the incident from the relevant laws and according to the details the incident can be categorised as a injury art a business premises and the type of injury is slips, trips and falls. Tamara needs to mention clearly about the people who were present at the time of the incident and the relevant pictures of other evidences regarding the incident and the cause of the incident needs to be accounted in detail for the help in the collection of supporting evidence to prove the negligence of the business owner. The Witness accounts are the most important part of p [roving the liability of the store owner (Young, 2010). An entry in the supermarket accident book needs to be recorded and facts of the incident need to be reviewed to ensure the veracity of the account. Records of any medical examinations is also paramount to the claim and the documentation that presents the expense of the treatment is extremely important in determining the amount to e paid by the responsible organization Aldi in recompense. In this case, the injury was extensive and the medical reports detailing the extent of the injury need to be provided as proof of the extent of the injury. The loss of income for the period Tamara was hospitalized and rehabilitating are important in determining the amount to be claimed in compensation (Alexander, Badial & Klein, 2006). Tamara needs to ask for the CCTV footage of the store monitoring the location so Tamara can present the details of the incident at the court as plaintiff. The supermarket Aldi is liable to provide the record of the incident under the freedom of information act 2000. The report outline both the procedures of making the claim and the specifics of the incident in terms of the different laws applicable in the scenario to give credence to the case and aligns the specific case with the legalities applicable in the laws. Therefore, the report can easily guide Tamara through the initial processes of the claim before hiring an expert lawyer. Alexander, D. A., Badial, R., & Klein, S. (2006). Personal injury compensation: no claim without pain?. The Psychiatrist, 30(10), 373-375. Bennett, L., & Gibbeson, C. (2010). Perceptions of occupiers' liability risk by estate managers: a case study of memorial safety in English cemeteries. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 2(1), 76-93. Buckley, R. A. (2006). Occupiers' Liability in England and Canada. Common Law World Review, 35(3), 197-215. Kachalia, A. B., Mello, M. M., Brennan, T. A., & Studdert, D. M. (2008). Beyond negligence: avoidability and medical injury compensation. Social science & medicine, 66(2), 387-402. Lewis, R. (2006). How important are insurers in compensating claims for personal injury in the UK?. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice, 31(2), 323-339. Lewis, R., Morris, A., & Oliphant, K. (2006). Tort Personal Injury Claim Statistics: Is there a Compensation Culture in the UK?’. Torts Law Journal, 14, 158. Young, D. (2010). Common sense, common safety. Cabinet Office, HM Government, London.  

Criminal Justice Research Methodology Term Paper - 2

Criminal Justice Research Methodology - Term Paper Example Potential demerits while using secondary data must also be kept in mind. The fundamental issue calls for the persistent problem of validity. When one re ­searcher gathers data for one specific pur ­pose, it cannot be assured that those data will be suitable for other research work as well. Generally, secondary data are to the lowest degree helpful for assessment studies. This is because valuations are contrived to serve specific questions about specific plans. It is always probable to reanalyze data from valuation studies, but secondary data cannot be used to assess a completely different program (Maxfield, 2008). Secondary researchers (like Maxwell, Garner, and Fagan, 2001) liked to affirm or re-evaluate determinations from the pilot studies. But it is not likely to use those data to an ­swer inquiries about domestic ferocity inter ­ventions other than take into custody or to assess arrest policies in new metropolises where the tries out did not take place. Racial profiling is nothing but police officers using the race or ethnicity of a person to initiate contact. This is the racial profiling in its simplest form. According to Harris (2002) racial profiling is a key disagreement in the relationship between the police and the community in recent years. Thus ethnic identification is consequently, the exercise of police officers to stop drivers only due to their race or ethnicity and not for any genuine law infringement. Whether certain racial or ethnic people are targeted for investigation or for traffic stops? In reality this query had gained national interest during the late 1990s. Racial profiling is now an extremely mooted issue because several cities were alleging and complaining that the police officers were paying closer notice to minority group members when conducting traffic stops or carrying on investigatory stops. The racial profiling debate calls for very intricate matters associated with finding out

Advise Barry, Edna and Gwen of their rights Essay

Advise Barry, Edna and Gwen of their rights - Essay Example The following day Les took the title deeds to a cottage he owned in Southport and wrote on them ‘All this now belongs to Edna’. In July 2009, Les was diagnosed with cancer. He said to his mistress, Gwen: ‘It is my dying wish, Gwen, that you should have my Knightsbridge penthouse apartment. Here are the keys to the apartment and to the deed box which is at my bank. Put them in your bag. My solicitor will sort out the details when I am dead.’ Advise Barry, Edna and Gwen who wish to know whether they are entitled as beneficiaries under completely constituted trusts of, respectively, (i) the watch, (ii) the shares and the cottage, and (iii) the Knightsbridge apartment. In order to advise the parties in the above, it is necessary to determine whether any of the bequests would be regarded as valid. When determining the validity it is necessary to ensure that the dispositions have been fully constituted. Within the law of trusts and bequests certain formalities have to be adhered to in order for the trust document and will to be regarded as valid. As there is no indication in relation to the age and mental status of Lee it will be assumed, in this instance, that the requirements of the Family Law Reform Act 1969 s1(1) have been satisfied. Where a trust is created in a will, the courts will determine the validity by reference to the Wills Act 1837 s9 which was amended by Administration of Justice Act 1982 s. 17. With all bequests, the three certainties need to be present in order for the bequest to be fully constituted. The three certainties are certainty of intention1, certainty of subject matter2 and certainty of objects3. Intention can be inferred from the wording in the will, and it is therefore important to ensure clarity when making a will. The case or Re Kayford demonstrates that the word trust does not need to be included in the wording of the will in order for the

Astronomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Astronomy - Assignment Example Besides, Earth does not comprise uniform layers. Instead, the layers are made up of tectonic plates that can move with respect to each other. When too much heat accumulates in the interior of Earth, it struggles to find its way out, and this has been happening ever since the creation of Earth. The molten lava once emerged on the surface of Earth cools down gradually, thereby getting transformed into huge rocks and mountains. It is this tendency of the Earth’s internal heat to come out that causes the geological activity of the Earth. In addition to that, the relatively large size of the Earth among other terrestrial planets enables it to store a lot of energy / heat in its core which largely comprises iron and the temperature there can be even higher than that of the Sun. The resulting heat ultimately finds its way out through the movement of the tectonic plates thereby resulting in the Earth’s geological

Formal Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Formal Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The art places Christ in a liminal state transforming from death to life. The picture depicted is much calm and motionless as the final moments described by the Scripture1. For an artist who painted modern paintings, religion appears as an odd space indeed for Manet’s artistic skills. The style in which he composed Christ and the angels (with a careful attention to detailed copying of costumes, models, and stage) in design relation to the other parts of the piece, it definitely sums up to a notion of admiration. By looking at the piece of the dead Christ, It is difficult to establish whether a controversial effect was Manet’s objective with the piece. The intent is obviously contentious, but the level of artistic amazement is unquestionably classic. A profound streak of color is used by Manet to thicken Jesus’s face. Closer to his forehead top, varying smudges of maroon represents the appearance of desiccated, scaly blood. Manet uses Harsh yellow hues to emphasize the tip of nose of Christ, the curves just beneath Christ’s eyebrows and the apples of his cheekbones, while his nose and sunken-in eyes sockets are depicted using darker hues. Christ’s mouth and eyes are half-open. The spread of shadow transversely on face results in his head appearing to recede in the background. The white shading of fabric covering up his lower body justly dominates the composition. On both sides of this imposing corpse of Christ, two women, costumed in bright, colorful clothes and unusual angels’ wings, appear to attend to the lifeless body. The angels’ colorful looks fail to overshadow the Christ’s body’s overwhelming grimness. Out of the combination of repugnance and beauty, pallor and color, a to tally comfortless Christ emerged. The artist is demonstrative in his pallet exploration, and there’s no mix up with the pathos created in the scene. The Dense folds of clothes that cover Christ’s body instill the artist’s mastery of

This 2009 research study uses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This 2009 research study uses - Essay Example For parents of children with cognitive disability or those diagnosed with type I diabetes it is a lifelong condition interspersed with periods of satisfaction. This sorrow is akin to that experienced on the demise of a dearly loved one. However there is never a sense of closure as when one mourns a departed soul. Triggers such as hospitalization or anxiety about the result of poor control in managing the disease bring about a revival of sorrow. Later the sense of being cut off when children transition from the pediatric clinic to the adult clinic makes parents feel cut off and anxious about their children’s ability to manage on their own. Just as in chronic sorrow the parents of children with cognitive disability feel the guilt and grief of their child not being like other normal children, especially as they grow older and their abilities degenerate; so too parents of children with type I diabetes revisit their grief as anxiety mounts when they come across another patient who has had to undergo an amputation, or reading about or viewing the many risks of complications that could arise. Parents overwhelmingly agree that emotional support and reassurance from health care professionals is necessary to see them through difficult periods. â€Å"Greater understanding of parents’ long-term emotional responses and recognition that grief may never resolve in these parents may enable healthcare professionals to provide appropriate and timely support at critical times† opine Bowes, Lowes, Warner and Gregory (Bowes et al, 2009) Another suggestion for nursing practitioners was that the transition from the pediatric to adult clinic could be gradually achieved to minimize the sense of losing control which parents feel as they are not part of the consultations at the adult clinic. Perhaps if this was done in a phased manner parents would gradually get used to the fact that their children were old enough to manage on their own. After

Develop the film essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Develop the film - Essay Example An underground group of master builders took him into their custody, and proclaimed since he discovered the piece, that he is the Special as prophesied. Then we are introduced to the other heroes—Vitruvius, Wyldstyle, and Batman. They have a common goal, which is to destroy President Business who ruthlessly controls all things in the Lego world. The Lego Movie could appear to be a mere animated action-adventure movie derived from the popular Lego bricks. However, it is the portrayal and explanation of the disagreement about the connection between reality and art which has been broadly discussed by Plato. Plato explains a connection between the artist and the craftsman (Braembussche 18). He argues that the craftsman envisions a mental picture of a perfect Form and applies it as an illustration to create a particular, observable, concrete and readily usable product. Similar to nature, this created product is an image, a flawed imitation of a perfect Form. On the other hand, the artist imitates nature or a particular, created product, without having knowledge of their internal mechanisms. The artist is not aware of how this product is created. He only copies the sensorial exteriors of objects thereby merely making an imitation of an imitation (Braembussche 18-19). In The Lego Movie, the craftsman is the boy Finn and the artist is Emmet and the other characters in Finn’s Lego world. Emmet sees himself existing and in the actual world, where the story’s episodes are being created in Finn’s imagination—the craftsman. Recognizing the serious risks his comrades are in, Emmet pushes himself to act and draws the interest of Finn. The craftsman Finn puts back the piece of resistance and Emmet to the setting where Emmet, this time holding the capabilities of a Master Builder because of his faith in his abilities, faces Lord Business. Imitation is where the film starts, as the protagonist Emmet abides by exact orders on how to begin his day and

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or Essay - 1

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences - Essay Example One of the important information that I gained in the business is ensuring safety in the workplace. Oil is highly flammable and it is an important matter to secure all the areas to avoid accidents which could damage the company or worse, kill people. One of the vital things one has to check daily in the oil business is leaks, to keep the working environment safe. The business has a lot of delicate and meticulous jobs and the information I gained in my few months stay with the oil company has been very limited. Nevertheless, I believe it is a good start for me as I continue to consider the processes I have to go through to gain all the knowledge and skills I need in managing my own oil company. One thing is for sure, that the experience I gained from the work was illuminating and it has strengthened my will power all the more to continue in pursuing my

Quotation essay Essay Example for Free

Quotation essay Essay We never appreciate the value of water until the well runs dry. The words in this quote, written by Benjamin Franklin, invite the reader to take a deeper more insightful glance into how possessions and people arent appreciated until the realization of their importance or value. Through literature, the author uses symbolism, comparisons, and theme to evaluate the importance of appreciation. The author, Benjamin Franklin, portrays meaning throughout the quote which relates to appreciating what you have. People dont realize what they have until its gone. When its gone, then you realize the importance of what you had. In a specific case in which the possession is a valued item, you tend to realize how much better off you were once you had it. Also, if what the quote was referring to specifically was a person, you sometimes realize you love or miss that person more than you expected to. It doesnt necessarily have to be a death, it could be someone leaving a job or moving. For example, I had an apple iPod. I didnt really pay much attention to it. When I lost it, then I realized its value and importance to me. This quote is also based on taking every little chance you get. Taking risks could mean something as simple as trying new things. The author, Ben Franklin portrays different meanings throughout the quote which relates to appreciating what you have and taking risks. The water and the well runs dry are two symbols that represent a friend, family member, or possession that is important to you. Franklin uses the water to represent the value of that specific person or possession to you. The well is used to symbolize the source of your opportunities. Referring back to what I mentioned about the subject being a person, this loved one  could also be the source of your opportunities or education. Until the well runs dry could refer to that person leaving and taking an opportunity with them. For example, the water could be a teacher thats trying to help you get into a good high school. But, you dont think you need their help. If that person leaves and moves on, you might not have as good as an opportunity like you did before when they were helping you. You then start to realize that there help was very important. Other than being a person, the water could relate to a possession. As I mentioned before, when I lost my iPod, I realized its importance. The water and well could symbolize the wealthy versus the poor. In this situation the well, source of opportunities, would be different. Therefore, those two symbols fully symbolize the parting of a loved one, a lost possession, or an important opportunity up until the realization of its true value and meaning you. The author uses the comparison of the value of water to the well. He does this to explain that people take opportunities as well as other people for granted. With this comparison, the subject must be an individual. For example, to a friendship situation, a friend could be taken for granted if you assume that he will always be ready to help you out even if you arent always ready to help him or her. Another example is an employee could be taken for granted by an employer, who makes no effort (such as raises in pay) to reward the employers long and faithful service. The theme of this quote is appreciation, which is basically similar to the meaning. Another theme that can be analyzed from the quote is taking people for granted. Taken for granted is like when you have something really special or important but you dont notice it. Also, grabbing opportunities while you can plays a big part in taking things for granted. For example, I wanted to join the recycling team. But, I kept stalling and not filling out the paper. As a result, the opportunity passed me by and I could no longer join. Franklins words personally relate to human experiences. As I stated earlier, I had an iPod but didnt realize how valuable it was to me until I misplaced it. This quote relates to life in different ways. Taking advantage of a  parent or teacher is one of these ways. For example, I depend on your mom or dad for almost everything. If something happens and Im mad at them, I sometimes wish things you dont mean. If they unexpectedly leave, I will then realize the importance of their role in my life. Franklins words connect to human experiences in various ways. This quote by Ben Franklin does not only relate to personal experience but also connects to the community + world. It connects to the community because people in a community or learning environment could take advantage of a teacher, or appreciate them more when theyre gone. For example, at my dance ministry we have a dance coordinator, Ms. Ferdinand. Sometimes some of the girls dont really agree with her decisions. But, if one day she decided to leave the ministry in the hands of someone else, they may not like it. That person may be very different from what we are used to. Another example could be some students hating a teacher. These examples have the same concept. If the teacher leaves they might not like the one that replaces them. When I was at dream yesterday, a student said Is Mr. Sue, the math teacher, coming back? The English teacher answered Probably not. The student then went on to say I like him better than the new teacher. The class then agreed with him. But, most of the kids in the class didnt really like Mr. Sue when he was around. They then realized that his method of teaching was more understandable than the one we have now. The English teacher then said you never appreciate the value of water, until the well runs dry. Think about that I said to her I am analyzing that quote in ELA. Therefore, they learned that they didnt really appreciate Mr. Sue until he was gone. We never appreciate the value of water until the well runs dry. The words in this quote written by Benjamin Franklin invite the reader to take a deeper more insightful glance into how possessions and people arent appreciated until the realization of their importance or value. A final example could be that when famous singers die, there music gets even more popular. This quote by Benjamin Franklin portrays meaning with relates to grabbing opportunities, appreciation, and taking things for granted.

Can and Should Culture Be Managed Essay Example for Free

Can and Should Culture Be Managed Essay Organizational culture is defined as collective behavior that consists of artifacts, exposed values and basic assumptions (Schein 1997). From this definition, three levels of organizational culture are derived. The first level is artifacts or tangible elements to the organization which comprises of the architecture, technology, products, furniture, style, dress code and language. It is recognizable when visibly observed but does not reflect the organizational culture. The second level is in the exposed values or beliefs that employees express in organization which includes the mission statement, customer service and loyalty. This behavior can be studied by using surveys and discussion to gather attitudes of the organizations’ members. The third level is the basic assumption which is the most important level as it shapes the organization’s view and decision making. The norms or the unspoken rule exists without the awareness of the members which cannot be observed or surveyed and therefore it is difficult to draw out this characteristic By understanding the definition of culture, there are two sides of the argument on whether the culture can be managed (mainstream perspective) and whether culture is something that an organization is that cannot be managed (critical alternative). (Brewis, J ch. 9). In the mainstream perspective it shows that the management is able to change its culture, which often referred to as cultural engineering (Jackson and Carter, 2000, p. 27-28) and a clear example is shown in the case study of British Airways, 1982-1996 (Brewis, J ch. 9 p349). The merged between British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA) caused a clash of culture and internal conflicts. The BOAC offers services for higher class passengers whereas BEA is for lower class passengers i. e. Tradesmen. Due to the clash of different classes of services, there is an internal conflict in the management culture which resulted disastrously and sales are declined.

The role of Women in the Middle East

The role of Women in the Middle East There are over half a billion women in the Muslim World in Middle East. They are in Much of the world lack support of the fundamental functions of a human life. Their social Status is low and they receive lack respect by the men. Women in the Middle East also are less nourished than men, less healthy, less opportunity but more vulnerable to physical violence and sexual abuse. Women in Middle East are discriminated by men, religion or even law. They are much less likely than men to be literate or to have a professional or technical education. The only function of women in Middle East is producing children. But the situation has some improvement in nowadays. Some of the women in the Middle- East are standing up and try to fright for their rights. But actually, most of the women in the Middle-East, especially those who live in conservative countries, are still accept their status and the role that they play in the society. (Mahnaz Afkhami, 1996) Women need to play a proper role in the s ociety especially in the conservative society or countries. For example like in Saudi Arabia. The proper role means to be a good children, good wife and good women. In the Middle East societies, most of the people are welcome to have a boy rather than girl. There are several reasons make people prefer to have a boy. First of all, most of the middle-East countries still are the agriculture base community. Therefore, have a boy is more prefer than have a girl. It is because sons are valued for the muscle power they can provide in the fields. Also, in Middle- east there is absence of the adequate social security system. (Ramsay.m.Darik Elsa Marston, 1996) So that sons are supposed to take care their aging parents. But girls on the other hand Often seen as an expense that will not bring family benefits, but only will work for their Husbands family. (Ramsay.m.Darik Elsa Marston, 1996) Furthermore, sons can carry On family name and honor but girls cannot. Therefore, in the eyes of middle- east people Boys are more valuable than girls. This makes the status of girls is lower than boy. Due to the above reasons, the status of girl in Middle East is lower than boy. For example, Most of the name in Middle East always has positive meaning. But some of the girls Names have negative meaning, like Dalenda which means destroy. From this example, We can easy discover that the status of women in Middle East is low. (Ramsay.m.Darik Elsa Marston, 1996). Furthermore, in Middle East most of the girls expect to do more works at home than boys. They need to wash the dishes, preparing food and taking charge of younger children. It is very common to see a child to take care a baby. Girls when they are reaching 11 years old. Then she will be require to be a prefect Islam woman. She will teach by her mother to be a shy and quiet girl. To learn the traditional behavior and skills of Islam. They need to dress more conservative and need to obey their father, brother pr even male relatives or der and advice. They are required to be a prefect girl. Base on the Koran says the seeking of knowledge is a duty of every men and every women. Therefore, even is a girl also will have an opportunity to be educated. However, most of the conservative family in Middle East only willing to sent their girls to the Traditional school. To learn the traditional behavior and norms. The conservative families mainly oppose to sent their girls to the modern school because they believe if a girl learns about something besides the Korans then they might try to communicate secretly with someone outsides her house. Also, the modern education is expensive. The money put on a girl would be waste when she went to live with her husbands family. Therefore, only 38 to 44% of girls in Middle East countries would get a chance to study. (Mahnaz Afkhami, 1996) Although, the girls also can have an opportunity to be educated, but there is a two society in middle- east. For example in Saudi- Arabia require sep arate schools for boys and girls. (Mahnaz Afkhami, 1996) The girl in Saudi Arabia needs work harder at school but they would not have a summer vacations or there are less recreational activities for girls. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia girls need to wear uniform, which is long- sleeved blouse, ankle length skirts or even she needs to wear abba ( Full length black cloak) to school. Moreover, the teaching sllysmulls in Saudi also is quite conservative and old- Fashioned. The schools are teaching the girls how to be a good mother. Also only encourage they be a nurse or a teacher in future but no more. Isam is the majority religion in middle- east, according to the Mohammed speaking, Men have a status above women. And men have authority over women because God has made one superior to the other. Due to this tradition religion, therefore, the women status in the Middle East is low. In some extreme traditional Islamic lands such as Saudi Arabia women are expected to remain strictly obedient to men, womens behavior is not Only the key to her family honor, but also is a key to remain the mortality in the middle East society. Therefore, the western thinking is a kind of dangerous to the traditional society. As this may lets a girl to against her family or fathers order. Moreover, the image of women in right behavior is a necessary safeguard to the culture preservation. Therefore, in many Middle East countries, like Saudi Arabia has a special enforcement Unit knows as religious police. These men aggressively watch the public for such Offenses as women driving and unmarried couples appearing together in public. Also in Saudi Abria women are not allowed to works, study or dress as she pleased. Furthermore, she cannot drive or go out alone. Or even women have no freedom to go to other Countries alone. Womens rights are strictly restricted. ( Martha C. Nussbaum, 2000) Protect the girls honor is the great and important responsibility of the father in middle East. This led out two conservative tradition customs in the middle- east world: Female Circumcision and Honor killing. Women and girls in middle- east countries are affected no matter in urban or rural, educated or non- educated. When a girl is about 5-6 years old then she needs to be circumcised. ( Waris Divie Cathleen Miller, 1999) It is because in the mind of people in middle- east it can prevent a girl from becoming wild and can ensure she will remain virgin until marriage and will then remain faithful to her husband. Or even it can make a girl a woman, purifies, more beautiful. The girls in middle East believes it is another tool for the men to control the women in middle-east. However, the circumcision is quite dangerous to the women. It can result in permanent physical and emotional damage also can cause infections or fatal. (Ramsay.m.Darik Elsa Marston, 1996) so it really is a horrible tradition in the Middle East world. Moreover, if a girl has a Misbehavior then her father or brother will have a right to kill her without serious Punishment. It is because they need to protect the name and honor of their family. Traditionally, the honor of the family depends on the behavior of its female members. So that it is very important for the family to protect female sexual purity. Need to protect the women from sexual misbehavior. Base on the Koran God created sexual desire in 10 parts. Then he gave 9 parts to women and 1 part to men. So women must be closely watched. Therefore, in her familys eyes the longer a daughter waits before marrying, the greater chance that she will disgrace herself with some men. So that most of the girls in Middle East is early married. But the traditional marriage watch in Middle East is lack of Romanic moves but just like a Kind of business. The parents choose the husband for their girl only base on one reason Is this marriage is a right match? The marriage usually is like a kind of alliance Between two families. Furthermore, the marriage will bring th e economic and social Advantages to both families. The girl in Middle East usually has to marry a man she has never met. Or even parents suppose their daughter to marry with an older man. Girls act Like an asset of the family. So the family would like to sell their girls at the highest price. So a girl may be expected to marry a man who can bring the economic benefit to her Family. If the girl wants to disobey her fathers choice then the only way for her can do is run away or attempt suicide. This really is a tragedy in the Middle East world. Wife must need to obey her husband as the male has a dominance status in the middle- East world. According to the Koran says If a wife is rebellious, then her husband should Admonish her, punish her to her couch and strike her. Therefore, the religious gives the Men a right to hit their wife. So the domestic violence is quite common in the Middle East. Also, in the Middle East world polygamy is allowed. That mean man can have more than One wife . Islam allows a man to have up to 4 wives. This is very common in some Conservative countries like in Saudi Arabia. But in fact, women can gain more power When they become older. They will handle the right of household finances, discipline children and not hesitate to speak her mind. In Middle East, it is quite easy for a man to divorce his wife anytime. But if divorce the men need to pay all married cash to his wifes family and the women can keep the gold, jewelly, clothing and need to move back into her fathers or brothers household, under the eye of her male relative. In the tradition view, a wifes primary job is to bear and raise children- especially boys. They are not encouraged to go out for working. It is because working and earning living is the mans responsibility. In fact, if a woman need to go out for working. Then it is a sign to show that her husband cannot support her living. This really is a shameful to the male. But even, the woman can go out for working. However, t here is still sex segregation in some countries. In Saudi Arabia, women can only be a teacher, nurse and mother. The government is restricting the woman to manage business, travel aboard to study, eat in restaurant. Also, women only can work in the restaurant, hospital, newspaper and magazine which for women only. Both in the west and middle east societies, veiling is the popular word for the practice by which a woman conceals her hair and body and sometimes her face. A more accurate term is bijah. The reason for the women to wear the bijah is to hide the sight of womans beauty. Furthermore, it turns their thoughts away from pious, proper behavior: an adolescent youth suffers from frustrated sexual desire and a middle aged man thinks of discarding his wife and finding a much younger and beautiful woman. All of these would led the society become instability. So it is a responsibility for women to prevent these things happen. So they need to put on the veil. Moreover, some of the wome n to go out to the society and can move more freely and not bothered by men. Otherwise, an unveiled woman would likely receive cold stares and insults. Therefore, a woman veiled may say that she feels greater freedom and more safety than she did before adopting the bijah. Furthermore, a veiled woman can prove that she is a good Islam woman and other people will respect her and regard her only as a coworker, fellow students and not as a sex object. Another advantage of the veil is allowed woman stop thinking about her looks and to move concentrate on the important things, such as her job, study and family. Lastly, a girl who covers her face can make her parent to believe her she will behave properly and not attract improper attention. This makes it easier for a girl to go out and spend times with her friends without bother. To conclude, in fact in some Middle East countries the women status has some Remarkable improvement. They can be more independence. There is increasing numbers of women have no men to support them. They can go out for working like in Libya woman even can be a soldier. More and more women love working and see their works as an expression of individual ability, self esteem and growth. Also, more women are choosing to remain independent, postponing or refusing marriage. They even want to work after marriage. Some of them even said they would not marry with a man who wanted them to give up their career. This is really is a sign of improvement in Middle East world. But there is still a long struggle for the women in Middle East to fight for their better life and rights.

health and fitness Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health and Fitness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think about people who are into health and fitness and people who are not, I notice the two groups differ greatly. These two groups have two totally different lifestyles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People who are into health and fitness wake up to a bright sunny morning, every morning, and debate with themselves if they should go on a short or a long morning run. On the last half of their morning run these people one already thinking what healthy tasty breakfast they can satisfy the hunger built up on the fun. After they decide what to eat they plan there day with the most things they can pack in their schedule. To these people everyday is a good day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are also those types of people who could care less about fitness and health. These people wake up in the morning slamming their alarm clocks so hard its like dropping an anvil on a marble. And when they open their eyes no matter how nice the morning weather is, these people always see it as being real dark and gloomy, like the middle of the winter in the coldest of weather. Breakfast is a maybe to them, a maybe ill eat breakfast today or, a maybe ill have time for breakfast today knowing they are already late to begin with. The best invention for these people is an alarm clock with a snooze button.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating is a wh...

Humanism :: essays research papers

Humanism, in philosophy, attitude that emphasizes the dignity and worth of the individual. A basic premise of humanism is that people are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness. The term humanism is most often used to describe a literary and cultural movement that spread through western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. This Renaissance revival of Greek and Roman studies emphasized the value of the classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity. The humanist movement started in Italy, where the late medieval Italian writers Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch contributed greatly to the discovery and preservation of classical works. Advertisement Humanist ideals were forcefully expressed by another Italian scholar, Pico della Mirandola, in his Oration on the dignity of man. The movement was further stimulated by the influx of Byzantine scholars who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) to the Ottomans in 1453 and also by the establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence. The academy, whose leading thinker was Marsilio Ficino, was founded by the 15th-century Florentine statesman and patron of the arts Cosimo de' Medici. The institution sought to revive Platonism and had particular influence on the literature, painting, and architecture of the times. The collection and translation of classical manuscripts became widespread, especially among the higher clergy and nobility. The invention of printing with movable type, around the mid-15th century, gave a further impetus to humanism through the dissemination of editions of the classics. Although in Italy humanism developed principally in the fields of literature and art, in central Europe, where it was introduced chiefly by the German scholars Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the movement extended into the fields of theology and education, and was a major underlying cause of the Reformation. One of the most influential scholars in the development of humanism in France was the Dutch cleric Desiderius Erasmus, who also played an important part in introducing the movement into England.

Finding Neverland :: essays research papers

â€Å"I don’t want a breeze of doubt. We must get that kite in the air.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnny Depp (Finding Neverland)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ingenuity—the word that describes what J.M. Barrie possessed that paved the way for Peter Pan, and the same word that exemplifies the reason why successful entrepreneurs have gotten to where they are now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J.M. Barrie, armed with the child that was always alive in him, revealed the transformative power of one’s imagination, that as long as you believe, you can transform yourself into something greater. He had the extraordinary ability to take people to another world—an enchanting world past tears and fears that exists only in fantasy and beyond one’s limits, and where imagination is the only key.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrepreneurs too have a knack for great things. They come up with great ideas which they execute better than anyone else. They have the flair to seek opportunities, take risks, and then afterwards, fulfill potentials that nobody else sees. The real entrepreneur has the drive to succeed and despite failures, doesn’t stop. Heck, he never stops even if he already has succeeded. The real entrepreneur breaks new grounds, just as Barrie did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Barrie’s imagination took him to places which he otherwise would never have experienced. As participants of SOMBA who are in our first step in creating a new business, we have to utilize our imagination and be as creative as possible in order to come up with a good business idea. We have to think outside the boundaries and look beyond what’s right in front of us. If we are to become entrepreneurs, thinking just like everybody else is not an option. Like J.M. Barrie, we always have to keep an open mind for brilliant ideas, may it be outside or inside the confines of our own bedrooms. Having an active imagination, after all, does not just stop. The ideas would keep on coming—whether feasible or farfetched.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than this though, starting our own business requires not just the business idea itself but also the right attitude. Barrie knew his other plays weren’t good enough but he didn’t stop writing because he wanted to do better and believed that he could. His play, Peter Pan, was a result of not sheer talent, but also of dreaming big—every success story after all starts with big dreams, determination—simply dreaming and not really doing anything will lead to nowhere, passion—loving not just the concept but doing the actual dirty work, faith—believing that the goal is within one’s reach, and of course, a little bit of craziness.

Giberson’s Glass Studio

Giberson’s Glass Studio Comparison of the Past and Recommendations for the Future Giberson’s Glass Studio Income Statement For the Year Ending August 31, 2007 Revenues: Sales $ 31,080 Total Revenue $31,080 Expenses: Materials $ 857 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 25,352 Net Income 5,728 Executive Summary This report is to provide an evaluation of the current financial position and prospective profitability of Giberson’s Glass Studio.The calculations used and information are presented in the documents following and outlining each recommendation. We find the company to be in positive financial standing, but with large areas of weakness that will require further investigation and action by management. We will present the following recommendations: * Reset Pricing Structure * Use of Part Time Labor * Time Management Plan * Demonstration Shows * Product Line Expansion Recommendation # 1-Reset Pricing Structure Assumpt ions: * No other changes (i. e. batch size, production size, labor, etc. ) * Increase in Net Income is preferred.Price per Item Calculations: Batch Price-$21. 43 Salary per Working Week-$625. 00 Total Costs per Week-$646. 43 Produced Pounds-39. 3 lbs. Costs per item: Patterned Glass-$8. 22 each Paperweights-$14. 80 each Wrapped Tumblers-$8. 22 each Vases-$9. 87 each We suggest a 50% mark-up from the total cost of each item. Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #1 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales $ 40,520 Total Revenue $ 40,520 Expenses: Materials $ 857 Gas9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 25,352Net Income $ 15,168 Recommendation # 2-Use Part Time Labor Assumptions: * Interested in increasing efficiency. * Productions tasks are completed by Mr. Giberson only. * $5/hour meets or exceeds Minimum Wage requirements. Part-Time workers will be completing â€Å"cold time† production act ivities, such as grinding, sanding, and polishing. They will also be packing and shipping, cleaning, clerical duties, and serving customers in store front. Using part-time labor will allow for increased efficiency and allow products to be created and finished simultaneously, which allows for more production during each day.We suggest adding two part-time employees at $5/hour. Employee no. 1- Grinding, sanding and polishing 30 hours per week x ($5. 00 per hour) = $150 per week Employee no. 2- Clerical work, customer service, cleaning 30 hours per week x ($5. 00 per hour) = $150 per week Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #1 & 2 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales $ 40,520 Total Revenue $ 40,520 Expenses: Materials $ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Income $ 3,168 Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #2 For th e Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales$ 31,080 Total Revenue $ 31,080 Expenses: Materials$ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Loss ($6,272) Recommendation # 3-Time Management Plan Assumptions: * Interested in increasing profitability and efficiency. Increase in Net Income is preferred. * Recommendation #2 is accepted. Based on the recommendations made during the time management plan, we would like to increase the number of pieces produced, ultimately increasing profitability and reducing waste. Higher production would allow your backlog to catch up and allow for made-to-order products to be considered and produced. Time Management will help you be more aware of your productivity, keep you on task, and help you become the most productive that you can be. Time is money, as it relates to production. Giberson’s Plan of Weekly ProductionDay of the Week| Time Period| Task| Description| Pro duction Time| Amount of Production| Sunday| 8 am – 5 pm| Charging| Melting Material for Batch| N/A| N/A| Monday| 8 am – 5 pm| Fining| Process to allow air bubbles to escape| N/A| N/A| Tuesday-Saturday| 8 am – 10 am| Lighting the Glory Hole| Procedure to begin daily production| N/A| N/A| | 10 am – 11 am| Heating Ovens| Turning on Annealing Ovens| N/A| N/A| | 11 am- 12 noon| Blowing| Paperweights| 15 minutes each| 4 per day/20 per week| | 12 noon – 1 pm| Blowing| Vases| 25 minutes each| 2 per day/10 per week| | 1 pm- 2 pm| Lunch Break| N/A| N/A| N/A| 2 pm -4 pm| Blowing| Glasses| 15 minutes each| 8 per day/40 per week| | 4 pm – 6 pm| Blowing| Wrapped Tumblers| 15 minutes each| 8 per day/40 per week| Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #1, 2, & 3 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales$ 57,920 Total Revenue $ 57,920 Expenses: Materials$ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10, 210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Income $20,568Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #2 & 3 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales$ 43,920 Total Revenue $ 43,920 Expenses: Materials$ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Income$ 6,568 Recommendation # 4- Demonstration Shows Assumptions: * Recommendation #2 and 3 are accepted. * Pricing remains the same structure, even though it costs less to produce each item. Room for 10 people maximum, with average of 7 people attending at each time slot. Based on the recommendations made under the time management plan, we would like to increase the number of pieces produced, while allowing time with customers on a small group basis to meet desires of customers and owner. Demonstration shows could charge $2 per person per showing, allowing for an additional stream of income, beyond glass p roducts. Each show would be 30 minutes long, allowing for show of making product, discussion, and question and answer time. Giberson’s Plan of Weekly ProductionDay of the Week| Time Period| Task| Description| Production Time| Amount of Production| Sunday| 8 am – 5 pm| Charging| Melting Material for Batch| N/A| N/A| Monday| 8 am – 5 pm| Fining| Process to allow air bubbles to escape| N/A| N/A| Tuesday-Friday| 8 am – 10 am| Lighting the Glory Hole| Procedure to begin daily production| N/A| N/A| | 10 am – 11 am| Heating Ovens| Turning on Annealing Ovens| N/A| N/A| | 11 am- 12 noon| Blowing| Paperweights| 15 minutes each| 4 per day/16 per week| | 12 noon – 1 pm| Blowing| Vases| 25 minutes each| 2 per day/8 per week| | 1 pm- 2 pm| Lunch Break| N/A| N/A| N/A| 2 pm -4 pm| Blowing| Glasses| 15 minutes each| 8 per day/32 per week| | 4 pm – 6 pm| Blowing| Wrapped Tumblers| 15 minutes each| 8 per day/32 per week| Saturday| 9 am – 10 am| H eating Ovens| Turning on Annealing Ovens| N/A| N/A| | 10 am -11 am| Shows| Paperweights| 15 minutes each| 2 per day| | 11 am – 12 noon| Shows| Vases| 25 minutes each| 2 per day| | 12 noon – 1 pm| Lunch Break| N/A| N/A| N/A| | 1 pm – 2 pm| Shows| Glasses| 15 minutes| 2 per day| | 2 pm – 3 pm| Shows| Wrapped Tumblers| 15 minutes| 2 per day|Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #1, 2, 3 & 4 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XX Revenues: Sales$ 43,920 Show Revenue 4,480 Total Revenue $ 62,400 Expenses: Materials$ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Income$25,048 Giberson’s Glass Studio Projected Income Statement-Recommendation #2 & 3 For the Year Ending August 31, 20XXRevenues: Sales$ 43,920 Show Revenue 4,408 Total Revenue $ 48,400 Expenses: Materials$ 857 Additional Labor 12,000 Gas 9,200 Operating Expenses 10,210 Depreciation 4,625 Interest 460 Total Expenses 37,352 Net Income $ 11,048 Recommendation # 5- Product Line Expansion Assumptions: * Interested in adding new and different products. * Increase in Net Income is preferred. * Interested in using massive parts of weekly batch that is usually wasted .

Opportunity Cost Essay

Lets start with a small introduction to the topic Opportunity Cost. Opportunity cost is the cost of any activity measured in terms of the value of the next best alternative forgone (that is not chosen). It is the sacrifice related to the second best choice available to someone, or group, who has picked among several mutually exclusive choices. The opportunity cost is also the â€Å"cost† (as a lost benefit) of the forgone products after making a choice. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics, and has been described as expressing â€Å"the basic relationship between scarcity and choice†. The notion of opportunity cost plays a crucial part in ensuring that scarce resources are used efficiently. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered opportunity costs. Now lets look at Opportunity Cost from the point of production. Opportunity costs may be assessed in the decision-making process of production. If the workers on a farm can produce either one million pounds of wheat or two million pounds of barley, then the opportunity cost of producing one pound of wheat is the two pounds of barley forgone (assuming the production possibilities frontier is linear). Firms would make rational decisions by weighing the sacrifices involved. Looking at Opportunity Cost from the point of Implicit and Explicit Cost. Implicit costs are the opportunity costs that in factors of production that a producer already owns. They are equivalent to what the factors could earn for the firm in alternative uses, either operated within the firm or rent out to other firms. For example, a firm pays $300 a month all year for rent on a warehouse that only holds product for six months each year. The firm could rent the warehouse out for the unused six months, at any price (assuming a year-long lease requirement), and that would be the cost that could be spent on other factors of production. Explicit costs are opportunity costs that involve direct monetary payment by producers. The opportunity cost of the factors of production not already owned by a producer is the price that the producer has to pay for them. For instance, a firm spends $100 on electrical power consumed, their opportunity cost is $100. The firm has sacrificed $100, which could have been spent on other factors of production. Now lets look at some real life examples from my life inorder to understand Opportunity Costs better. Opportunity Cost Examples that I myself have been across- I have only Rs 1000 to spend and I have two choices, I can eat at a nice restaurant or buy a good cricket bat instead. I spend my Rs 1000 on buying the cricket bat, then the opportunity cost of that choice is the delicious meal I did not choose and let go. Opportunity Cost also works in regards to time. Eg- I only have two hours of free time. I could either go to a movie or meet a friend of mine. I choose to spend my time at the movie, the opportunity cost of this decision is the time I could have spent enjoying the company of my friend. Here’s another example- When for the first time I decided to invest my saved money lying with me. I had two options that I could do with the money I had. My first choice was either investing in Mutual Funds or leave the money in a Savings Account that earns only 5% per year. I invested in Mutual Funds and it returned 10%, here I’ve benefited from my decision because the alternative would have been less profitable. However, if the Mutual Fund would have returned only 2% when I could have had 5% from the Savings Account, then my opportunity cost would have been (5% – 2% = 3%). To summarize Opportunity Cost, scarcity creates choice, and every choice has value to us. That value can be looked at in terms of benefits and in terms of cost. Value is not always measured in financial terms but sometimes measured in terms of time or enjoyment. The opportunity cost of a choice is what must be given up in order to take an opportunity. It’s not the opportunity we chose, but the value of the next best alternative we didn’t choose. Every major choice has an opportunity cost.

Irobot – Technology Taking over Humanity

Robot – Technology Taking over Humanity â€Å"Technology Is taking over humanity. This phrase Is being proven more and more as technology develops and the years go by. It is more deeply shown through the movie, Robot. The main message of this movie is to show how our society can change to be completely dependent on technology if we keep on improving it in many different ways such as robotic body parts, robotic systems and robots to do everyday work for humans. The advances In technology are amazing to some extent and are completely changing owe we humans live and really, are saving lives.Many years ago, you didn't hear many people getting metal hip replacements, or any other body part replaced by some man made machine or object. It's becoming a common thing to have to give up on the body and rely on machine. As this progresses, eventually humans will continue to be able to replace body parts and essentially, extend the lifetime of a human being and could be considered robots. Humans currently rely on deferent robotic parts to fix up parts of their bodies which are not working to the right potential.To fix the different senses such as hearing, doctors surgically implant an electric device that provides a sense of sound to a person which is profoundly deaf. A visual prosthesis is a visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness. Robotics are used to transplant living cells, tissues or organs from human to human or human to animal or vice versa. Many concerns may come with this such as the transferring different diseases or possibly the failure of transplanting. Diseases are ore common In semitransparent.Semitransparent Is the transplanting of body parts from animal to human or vice verses. Alternations is less risky as it is the transplanting of body parts to and from the same species. Organ farming or harvesting refers to the removal, preservation and use of human organs or tissues from the recently deceased to the living. This way of saving people's lives has become very common especially in the past few years. Even though all these replacements of body parts and systems are available to all people, the prices are ere costly therefore it is out of reach for many people who do not have the money for It.It may be saving people's lives but not for all. If we think about it, the only part of our bodies that would be very hard to imitate and create as a machine would be the brain. It is also the last piece of our bodies separating humans from being completely a robot. As technology progresses, it will be possible to create something that Is close to the way a brain operates. All this Is present In the movie of Robot. We can clearly see that robots have taken 1 OFF ever the humans lives in the movie and that we soon eventually will become like that without help.The relationship between our life and the Robot life is shown through the way robots have been made adapted to our every n eed. With the robots existing we are able to take their functions and make them our own, to help us when we are in need. Piece by piece, soon the human body completely will become machine functioned. The advantages to having these robotic replacements are that humans will have a longer life expectancy. This is also a downside as it is playing with the way life is opposed to be.Another advantage is that it would save lives. There are so many people out there waiting for transplants but if technology eventually got to a point where body parts and vital organs were being made we would be blessed with a longer life. The downsides of robotic replacements are that computers are easily hacked. If humans become partially robotic or even fully robotic we may be hacked, taking over our bodies and mind, controlling every move. Also, humans weren't made to improve upon the bodies that we were given.Overall technology has helped humans so far by saving lives with robotic replacement or transplan ting of cells, tissues or organs. Where it goes from here may change the world drastically. This is why the phrase â€Å"Technology is taking over humanity' is becoming real. Soon we will become a robotic world where all we do is through robotics whether it is to help us repair or improve our bodies or help us in day to day activities, where we all are partially if not fully robotic and where we have completely lost our humanity through machine and technology development.